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The Fadettes of Boston (1888-ca.1920) was an all-women orchestra based in Boston, Massachusetts, and directed by Caroline B. Nichols. "The original group of six expanded to twenty by 1898"〔Judith Tick. "Women as Professional Musicians in the United States, 1870-1900." Anuario Interamericano de Investigacion Musical, Vol. 9 (1973), pp. 95-133〕 with "a first violin and director, four additional first violins, four second violins, two violas, two violincellos, two contrabassos, kettle-drums and a bass, two flutes and piccolo, two clarinets, two cornets, two French horns, three trombones, snare-drum and 'traps,' and piano-forte." The group incorporated in 1895 as "the Fadettes of Boston."〔University of Iowa Libraries. (The Fadettes Womans Orchestra of Boston ) brochure, ca.1910〕 In 1898 "vaudeville manager B.F. Keith booked them into his theatres all over the United States. Between 1890 and 1920 Nichols claimed that the Fadettes gave over 6,000 concerts, half of them as headliners in first-class vaudeville theatres."〔 At a concert in Pittsburgh in 1902, for instance, the Fadettes played marches, waltzes, songs and arias by Frederic Field Bullard, Daniel Auber, Karl Michael Ziehrer, George M. Rosey, and others.〔"Fadettes win approbation: women's orchestra delights admirers of good music at exposition." The Pittsburgh Press - Sep 20, 1902〕 The group also performed at the Los Angeles Orpheum.〔Stan Singer. "Vaudeville in Los Angeles, 1910-1926: Theaters, Management, and the Orpheum." Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 61, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 103-113〕 The performers "wore shimmery gowns."〔Beth Abelson Macleod. "'Whence Comes the Lady Tympanist?' Gender and Instrumental Musicians in America, 1853- 1990." Journal of Social History, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Winter, 1993), pp. 291-308〕 Among the musicians were Annie Andros Hawley and Mildred Rogers.〔 Nichols "conducted the orchestra for thirty years and trained over six hundred women for professional careers as orchestral musicians."〔Mary Brown Hinely. "The Uphill Climb of Women in American Music: Performers and Teachers." Music Educators Journal, Vol. 70, No. 8 (Apr., 1984), pp. 31-35〕 ==Images== Image:1897 Fadettes Orchestra Boston USA.png|The Fadettes, ca.1897 Image:Caroline B Nichols 1864 1939 USA.png|Portrait of Carrie Nichols, conductor, ca.1897 Image:Ethel Atwood b1870 USA.png|Portrait of Ethel Atwood, business manager and musician, ca.1893 Image:1906 Keiths TremontSt Boston USA byDetroitPublishingCo LC.jpg|Entrance to Keith's Theatre, Boston, with poster for the Fadettes, 1906 Image:1909 Fadettes PittsburghPress January17.png|Newspaper spread about the Fadettes, ''Pittsburgh Press'', 1909 Image:1910 motto Fadette Orchestra of Boston brochure detail.png|Detail of promotional brochure, 1910. "Our watchword: 'advancement'" 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fadettes of Boston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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